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Download PDF version of this Guide How can this guide help you The Guide to Lawful Protesting helps you understand your right to protest as a citizen and empowers you with the knowledge of how to carry out lawful protests, steps to follow to take necessary permissions from the police or other relevant authorities, and your rights as a protestor. readRead more

How can the guide help you?   The Nyaaya Guide on Applying Offline under RTI provides applicants with the steps to take when seeking information under the Right to Information Act, 2005. This guide summarises the processes involved in filing an RTI application offline, appeals against certain authorities’ decisions, as well as complaint mechanisms forRead more

How can the guide help you? The Nyaaya Guide on Online RTI Applications provides applicants with the steps to take when seeking information under the Right To Information Act, 2005. This guide summarises the processes involved in filing an RTI application online, appeals against certain authorities’ decisions, as well as complaint mechanisms for any onlineRead more

Supreme Court For writ petitions except habeas corpus, the court fee is Rs. 500 1. However, if the writ petition is filed in a criminal case, then no court fee is required2.  High Court The court fee varies for different High Courts. Information on the court fee for individual High Courts can be found onRead more

1. Go to the website of the Supreme Court of India here.  2. Click on the E-FILING menu below the HOME menu.  3. On the extreme right hand corner of the page, click on ‘New Registration’ if this is the first time a petition is being filed. If registration has already been done, proceed toRead more

Obtain form for filing writ petition A person seeking to protect their fundamental right can file a petition before the appropriate court i.e., Supreme Court or a High Court. The petition should be filed in the prescribed form as given by the particular court. The prescribed format for a writ petition in the Supreme CourtRead more

A person can file a writ petition before the Supreme Court of India or concerned High Court of that state to enforce their fundamental rights. The Supreme Court has the power to provide constitutional remedies to any person whose fundamental rights need to be protected. The right to seek constitutional remedies before the Supreme CourtRead more

Any aggrieved person whose fundamental rights have been violated can avail constitutional remedies by filing a writ petition before the Supreme Court or the High Court1.   For habeas corpus 2 and mandamus 3, people other than the aggrieved person can also file a petition to seek a particular remedy.  It is important to understand thatRead more

If someone files a writ petition before a High Court for a particular matter, they cannot file another petition seeking relief under the same writ before the Supreme Court1.Though there is no specific time limit for filing a writ petition, the Supreme Court or High Court can refuse to grant relief to a petitioner ifRead more

There are five kinds of constitutional remedies available1. These are: Habeas Corpus  The term ‘habeas corpus’ literally means ‘produce the body’. In this context, it refers to a direction from a court to bring a person before the court. If a person is illegally restrained and deprived of their liberty, a writ petition for habeasRead more

The Constitution of India, 1950 grants certain rights to the citizens of India. If these rights are violated, citizens should also have the right to enforce them or remedy the violation. The Constitution provides for certain remedies that people can use to enforce their fundamental rights. A person can file a writ petition before theRead more

If you face any grievance or you have a complaint regarding the education of a child, you can approach the following authorities: Students/Parents/Any person Any person, including parents, can file a complaint with: Local Authorities  Complaints can be made to Gram Panchayat or the Block Education Officer. The Block Education officer is in charge ofRead more

The law provides that all students between the ages of six to fourteen years who enrol and attend the school studying between I to VIII classes shall be entitled to nutritious meals at no cost. The funds for such meals shall be provided for by the state government. However, implementation of the scheme and monitoringRead more

The National Council for Teacher Education prescribes the qualifications for teachers in India. One of the essential qualifications for a person to be eligible for appointment as a teacher in any of the schools is that he/she should pass the Teacher Eligibility Test (TET) which will be conducted by the appropriate Government.  Other than this,Read more

It is the duty of the government and the local authorities to ensure that children from disadvantaged groups are not discriminated against and are able to complete their elementary education. Parents of children belonging to disadvantaged groups should get representation in the School Management Committees in proportion of the number of such students enrolled. 1Read more

A child who is older than 6 years and has never gone to school or a child who is older than 6 years and has gone to school but dropped out before completing class 8 have some rights under the right to education law in India such as1: These children will be admitted to aRead more

A regular examination is conducted in the fifth class and eighth class at the end of each academic year. 1 If a child fails an examination conducted, he/she is provided with additional instruction and granted an opportunity for re-appearing for the examination within two months from the declaration of the result. 2The students may beRead more

Each state government has specified various academic authorities that have laid down the curriculum and evaluation procedures. These could be the State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) or other academic institutions of the state.For example, the Delhi SCERT and the Uttarakhand SCERT are responsible for the curriculum in their respective states. The stateRead more

Norms and Standards to be followed by schools The right to education law prescribes that the Pupil-Teacher Ratio should be maintained at 30:1 for first class to fifth class and 35:1 for sixth class to eighth class.1 It also provides that there should be2: At least one classroom for every teacher Separate toilets for boysRead more

No child can be denied admission to a school1, irrespective of the time in the academic year in which admission is sought. Ideally, all children should be enrolled in school at the beginning of the academic session. However, schools may need to be flexible to allow admission at any time during the session. Special TrainingRead more

The schools given below have the responsibility to make provisions for free and compulsory elementary education of children. Schools established, owned or controlled by the government or a local authority Such schools have a responsibility to provide free and compulsory education to all children admitted. For example, schools run by the New Delhi Municipality CouncilRead more

All children between the ages of 6 to 14 years can get education from schools, free of cost,  from the 1st standard (first class) till the 8th standard (eighth class). Approach the Neighbourhood Schools Children can attend classes in neighbourhood schools. These neighbourhood schools are schools established within a walking distance of: one kilometre fromRead more

The Right to Education is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 21A of the Constitution of India, 1950. 1 The law guaranteeing the right to education is known as the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. Every child between the age of 6 to 14 years, that belong to disadvantaged groupsRead more

Noise pollution is largely a by-product of industrialisation, urbanisation and modern civilisation. Noise pollution has two sources1 i.e. industrial and non-industrial. The industrial source includes the noise from various industries and big machines working at a very high speed and high noise intensity. Non-industrial source of noise includes the noise created by transport/vehicular traffic andRead more

Noise can disturb our work, rest, sleep, and communication. It can damage our hearing and evoke other psychological, and possibly pathological reactions. Given below are some of the adverse health effects of noise pollution:1 Hearing Loss Hearing loss can be either temporary or permanent. Noise-induced temporary threshold shift (NITTS) is a temporary loss of hearingRead more

Loudspeakers and public address systems are a common source of noise pollution in India. To play loudspeakers, public address systems, amplifiers or other equipments you need written permission from local authorities. 1 The police and local government authorities will seize and confiscate such equipment if it causes noise. 2 The noise level where loudspeaker orRead more

Vehicles are a common source of noise pollution in India. You can be fined1 if you misuse your vehicle horn by sounding the horn: In a silent zone2 Needlessly or continuously in a manner which is more than necessary to ensure your or others’ safety During night time (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) in residentialRead more

If any noise is being made which causes you annoyance, discomfort or any injury, then you can file a complaint with the authorities given below. You can also complain if you know that the noise1 level has exceeded the noise standards by 10 dB(A) in any area or there is noise pollution that happens atRead more

Causing noise pollution is a punishable offence under the law. The punishment is: Causing Public Nuisance Creating noise is considered to be a public nuisance when you cause any injury, danger or annoyance to the public. 1 For example, if your neighbour plays a sound system at midnight very loudly, then this is a publicRead more

Every State Government categorizes areas into the following zones, to which specific zone-wise noise standards/limits apply: Industrial Commercial Residential Silence areas/zones Development authorities, local bodies and other authorities while planning a developmental activity or carrying out functions relating to town/country planning have the responsibility to avoid noise menace and maintain noise standards/limits.1 For example, theRead more

An area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts are known as silence areas or silence zones.1 In a silent zone you cannot2: Use a public address system Play any music Raise any sound amplifiers Beat a drum or tom-tom Blow a musical or pressure horn, or trumpet or PlayRead more

Noise is common in everyday life, but when it goes above a certain limit, it is considered to be pollution1 as well as a public nuisance1. Noise at such levels may be injurious to human beings, living creatures, plants, property and the environment2 The law known as the Noise Pollution (Regulation And Control) Rules, 2000Read more

Every person with mental illness and their nominated representative have the right to information from the mental health professional. This includes the following information1: Law on persons with mental illness under which the person has been admitted Criteria for admission in a mental health establishment Right to make an application to the Mental Health ReviewRead more

Every person with mental illness has a right to equality and non-discrimination including1:  No discrimination against a person with mental illness on any basis. This includes reasons such as gender, sex, sexual orientation, religion, culture, caste, social or political beliefs, class or disability Emergency facilities and services  of good quality, and  of the same qualityRead more

There may be restrictive terms mentioned in your contract. In India, you have a fundamental right to practice any trade, profession or conduct any business. However, this is not an unlimited freedom. You will find certain clauses or terms in your agreement that in some way restrict you to a certain degree from carrying onRead more