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The owner/manager of an education institute must ensure that a board is displayed at a conspicuous place outside the institute, which states the following1: The sale of cigarettes and other tobacco products is strictly prohibited within 100 yards of the institute. The distance measured radially from the outer boundary of the institute.The punishment2is a fineRead more

[Trigger Warning: This explainer contains information on physical violence, sexual violence, abuse and slurs which some readers may find disturbing.] If someone repeatedly contacts a person through calls or texts by the means of a telephone, then, it is a crime under the law. Under the law, only a man can be punished for theRead more

[Trigger Warning: This explainer contains information on physical violence, sexual violence, abuse and slurs which some readers may find disturbing.] It is a crime to physically stalk someone, i.e. someone tries to follow a person wherever they go and contact them even after they have expressed their disinterest. er Under the law, only a manRead more

[Trigger Warning: This explainer contains information on physical violence, sexual violence, abuse and slurs which some readers may find disturbing.] If a person repeatedly follows, contacts or monitors someone despite their disinterest or lack of consent, it is known as stalking. Stalking is a term used for numerous activities done by a person, which whenRead more

[Trigger Warning: This explainer contains information on physical violence, sexual violence, abuse and slurs which some readers may find disturbing.] Everyone has a right to privacy1. This means that anyone can do anything, sexual or not, thinking that no one is watching them (provided that it shouldn’t be illegal). Under the law, only a manRead more

You can complain to the following authorities: Police Go to Police Station An FIR can be filed at any police station or the one nearest to where the crime happened. Anyone, including a friend or relative can also file an FIR on a survivor’s behalf. However, at the time of reporting, the survivor will haveRead more

[Trigger Warning: This explainer contains information on physical violence, sexual violence, abuse and slurs which some readers may find disturbing.] Sexual harassment can happen in several ways. Actions such as following a person on the streets or in any public space, peeping into their bedroom, making sexual gestures at them while they are at workRead more

Both in urban and rural areas, if the officers of the Municipality or the Panchayat believe that manual scavenging may be taking place in their area of control, they have to do a survey and create a list of manual scavengers. The Municipality and the Panchayat have a duty to rehabilitate the people included inRead more

If you notice or are made aware of instances where laws for safai karamcharis are not followed, you can file a complaint to the National Commission for Safai Karamcharis (NCSK). You can visit their website complaint section here. This Commission will inquire into the complaints and report them to the officers of the Municipalities andRead more

No, it is illegal to employ someone as a manual scavenger in India. It is also unlawful for anyone (including municipalities and panchayats) to employ any person for the cleaning of a sewer or a septic tank without the necessary protective gear. People who do so face the following repercussions. Employing someone as a manualRead more

The person who occupies the property on which an ‘insanitary latrine’ exists has to demolish or convert it. If more than one person owns the property on which the insanitary latrine is built, the costs have to be paid by the owner (if they are one of the occupiers) or equally by all of them.Read more

It is unlawful and an offence under the Manual Scavengers and Their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 for any person, municipality, panchayat or agency to build an insanitary latrine that requires human waste to be removed manually by a person before the waste has properly decomposed. Local authorities must carry out a survey of insanitary latrines inRead more

Any person who has been employed to handle undecomposed human waste from an insanitary latrine, open drain or pit or railway track is a manual scavenger. The person could have been employed by anyone – say someone from their village or by an agency or contractor. It does not matter if they were given regularRead more

To prevent arrests from frivolous cases and misuse of the law on cruelty and dowry cases, the Supreme Court of India has issued certain guidelines for the police to follow while investigating cases of cruelty. This was later issued as an advisory circular by the Ministry of Home Affairs. Police The police should not arrest the husbandRead more

When the death of a woman within 7 years of her marriage was unnatural, i.e. caused by burns or injuries which are not ordinary and she had also suffered from cruelty or harassment because of demands for dowry, it is assumed that the husband or the relatives of the husband committed the crime of cruelty. Death by suicide is also considered as aRead more

Indian law criminalises the actions of cruelty and death resulting from dowry demands. This is known as dowry death. If the death of the wife was because of harassment for dowry demands, the husband and the in-laws of the woman can be punished. In cases of cruelty and harassment, you can approach the police stationRead more

All crimes under this law are non-bailable offences. Therefore, a person arrested under this law cannot get bail as a matter of right. However, bail can be granted at the judge’s discretion.Read more

Usually, in criminal law it is upon the person making the complaint to prove that the person they are accusing has committed the crime. But in cases of dowry the person against whom there is a complaint has to prove that they are innocent. For Example, if Simran makes a complaint that Raj has askedRead more

Giving gifts or presents by either the bride or groom at the wedding is not punishable when it has been done voluntarily. Bride: When such presents are made by or on behalf of the bride or any person related to the bride, such presents should be of a customary nature. The value of the gifts should not beRead more

If dowry has been given or taken at or after your wedding and the same is received by your husband or in-laws or any other person, they have to hand it over to you as it is your property. You have a right to any property given as dowry to your husband and his family. There isRead more

It is illegal to advertise dowry in any newspaper, periodical, journal or any other media, the offer of any money, share in a business or property as dowry in return for marrying your son, daughter or relative. Anyone who prints, publishes or circulates such an advertisement is committing a crime will also be punished withRead more

Any agreement for the exchange of dowry is not valid. You cannot go to court if your future or existing father-in-law refuses to pay dowry after entering into an agreement to pay you dowry. The agreement will be treated as if it never happened. It has no legal effect.Read more

It is important to note that Mehr or Dower given during Muslim marriages is not the same as dowry. The exchange of Mehr that takes place is as per religious and customary practice, and is absolutely legal.Read more

There is no time limit on when you can file a complaint under this law. You can file a complaint of dowry anytime after marriage. However, you cannot file a complaint after a divorce. The practice of giving, taking, demanding and advertising dowry is illegal. In case you have had to pay dowry at theRead more

Any person who: gives or takes dowry, and anyone who helps in the exchange of dowry. can be punished under the law. For Example Raj(groom) and Simran(bride) are getting married. Simran’s father, Amrish gives Rs. 10 lakh and a car as dowry to Raj’s father Anupam. Scenario 1: When the broker is involved: If theRead more

It is illegal to demand dowry from anyone related to the bride or groom as a condition of marriage. If you demand dowry you can be punished with jail time between 6 months and 2 years and/or fine which may go up to Rs. 10,000.   powered by TypeformRead more

Dowry is anything which has value (such as cash and property) which is given by the bride’s family to the groom’s family as a condition of marriage. 1 The law does not stop the exchange of gifts with the fiance’s family during the wedding. The purpose of this law is to prohibit coercion during theRead more

Yes, if the review or critique of any public material or performance was made in good faith, then it is not considered an act of defamation. For example, if the author of the material has given permission for it to be reviewed by the public, then anyone making a statement against the same will notRead more

If you print or engrave something you know is defamatory to a person’s reputation, you can be punished with jail time of up to 2 years and/or with a fine. Generally, newspapers are prosecuted under this provision. Selling or trying to sell printed or engraved material which is defamatory can be punished with jail timeRead more

To prove a defamation case, you have to show the following things: That the person who said or wrote things about you conveyed a defamatory message.That the material was published, meaning that it was conveyed to someone other than you.That you could be identified as the person referred to in the defamatory material.That you sufferedRead more

If you say or write something to insult the reputation of a person, group of people or a company, a court can punish you for the crime of defamation. If the insult is to a group of people, it is important that this class or group of people can be identified. If you harmed theRead more

There can be two forms of defamation – slander and libel. Slander Slander involves something that is spoken with the intention to harm someone’s reputation and can be heard. It is in verbal form. For example, Rahul says bad things about Seema’s character, which results in Seema losing her job. Rahul has committed the crimeRead more

Courts have the power to stop child marriages that are either arranged or about to take place. When it receives credible information regarding this, it can issue an order prohibiting or stopping the persons from conducting and organizing such marriages. The accused person can apply to the Court to either revoke this order or evenRead more

Child Marriage Prohibition Officers are appointed by the State governments to curb issues of child marriages in each State. These officers are responsible for reporting and preventing child marriages. The duties of the Child Marriage Prohibition Officer are decided and assigned by the State Government. They broadly include: Prevention of Child Marriage by preventing theRead more

Conducting a child marriage is illegal and hence must be brought to the attention of appropriate authorities. Anyone can file a complaint and report a child marriage, including the child. It doesn’t matter whether the child marriage has taken place or not as it can be filed at any time before or after the marriage.Read more